When Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Adversary Perceptions of Nuclear No-First-Use Pledges

SSP Faculty Caitlin Talmadge and Vipin Narang published an article in International Security with Lisa Michelini where they "theorize that NFU pledges are credible only when the political relationship between a state and its adversary is relatively benign, or, if the relationship is hostile, when the state's military has virtually no ability to engage in nuclear first use against the adversary."